Steam-turbine.



No. 653,788. Patented July I7, 1900.

J. F. BRADY.

STEAM TURBINE.

(Application filed Nov. 4, 1899.)

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No. 653,788. Patented July'l7, I900. J. F. BRADY.

STEAM TURBINE.

(Application filed Nov.

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m: noams PETERS o0, PNOTO-LH'HQ. WASHINGTON, n cy UNITED STATES.

PATENT Greece.

- JOHN F. BRADY, 0F oHIoAco, ILLINOIS.

STEAM-TURBINE.

' SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 653,788, dated July17, 190i Application filed November 4, 1899. berial No. 735,790. (Nomodel.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that 1, JOHN F. BRADY, a cit-i zen of the United States,residing at Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, haveinvented a new and useful Steam-Turbine, of which the following is aspecification.

My invention relates to turbine motors which may be actuated by eithersteam or gas under pressure.

My object is to provide aconstruction which is intended as amodification and improvement on the invention in steam-turbines forwhich application for patent of the United States was filedby me July24:, 1899, Serial No. 724,979, and allowed August 21, 1899, my newimprovements being fully described here inafter and illustrated in'theaccompanying drawings, in which Figure l isan axial vertical section ofthe operative parts and of the several journalbearings, the'greaterportion of the supporting-frame being shown in outline side elevation.Figs. 2, 3, and 4. are transverse sections of a steam-turbine in whichis embodied my invention, these figures serving to illustrate the shapeand disposition of a double series of rings of expansion-chambers, thesteam-eduction passage-ways of one series of rings of expansion-chambersleading out in opposition to the steam-'eduction passage ways of theadjacent series of rings of expansion-chambers. Fig. 5 is a transversesection of a portion of three rings of expansion-chambers of a sizeadapted in practice to attain good results and which are hereinafterfully described. Fig. 6 is an inside perspective view of a portion of aturbine disk, showing the open side of a part of a ring ofexpansionchambers and the outer ring-wall of the chambers and one of thechannels out into the face of the turbine disk, in which theexpansionchambers ring-wall is disposed and revolves. The inner ends ofthe ed uction passage-ways are also shown in the severalexpansion-chambers in Fig. 6. Fig. 7 is an axial section of an outerportion of one of the turbine disks, showing a longitudinal section ofthe peripheral and outer ring-walls of four expansionchambers, and thisfigure also shows the grooves in the turbine disk in which the ringwalls of the expansion chambers revolve. Fig. 8 is a cross-section,parallel with the face of a turbine disk, of a portion of three rings ofexpansion-chambers and showing the passage-ways leading out of thechambers, this form of chamber being simply a modification of thesemicircular chamber illustrated in Fig. 5 and adapted to give very highresults in practice.

Similar letters indicate like parts throughout the several views.

In this instance no exhaust-steam case is shown surroundingtherevolublecylindrical portion of the turbine, which latter comprises the ends Aand B and the connecting peripheral cylindrical hoop O. The ends A and Beach have an outwardly-projecting hollow journal, such as D and E, whichare mounted to revolve in bearings at the top of the frameposts F and G.Disposed through the hollow journals D and E is a hollow shaft H, whichis connected with a supply of steam under pressure and which isperforated as at I, through the portion thereof within the limits of theends A and B, and thereby adapted to permit the passage of steam fromthe hollow portion of the shaft H to the operative parts in theinterspace formed by the ends A and B and the cylindrical hoop C.

Firmly attached to hollow shaft 11 are several turbine disks, such as J,and firmly attached at their peripheral portions to the inside of thecylindrical hoop O are several turbine disks K, disposed between thedisks J. At the axial portion of each of the disks K is a large hole,through which the hollow shaft H is disposed, the hole being so muchlarger than the shaft in each disk that steam may freely pass betweenthem, as shown in Fig. 1.

' At L and M are holes forming exhauststeam passage-ways leading out ofthe turbine, as indicated by the arrows.

At the outer end of journal D and'of hollow shaft H are miter cog-wheelsM and N, which are geared at opposite sides toa mitergear 0, attached-toshaft P.

In this instance instead of employing the usual guides and vanes, as iscommon in other steam-turbines for transmitting the n1otion of the steamto the turbine shafts, I have devised a series of expansion-chain bers,such as Q and R in Figs. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7, which are arranged inseries in concentric rings, the rings of expansion-chambers Q on disks Jbeing separated, so as to permit the rings of expansion-chambers R ondisks K to be disposed and revolve in opposite directions between therings of expansion-chambers of disk 'J, so that both series ofexpansion-chambers revolve in substantially the same plane.

There are eduction passage-ways S leading out of all the rings ofexpansion-chambers Q of disks J tangentially in substantially the samedirection relative to the circle of chamhers, and all the eductionpassage-ways T lead out of the expansion-chambers R in disks Ktangentially in substantially the opposite direction to the passage-wayswhich lead out from expansion-chambers Q, as is fully illustrated inFigs. 3, 5, and 8. A face View of the expansion-chambers and thepassage-ways leading out of them on the disks J and K shows thesefeatures to be the same; but when these parts are in position, onefacing the other, as shown in Figs. 1, 3, 5, and 8, the passage-ways Sand T will subtend an angle to a radial line from the center of thedisks, one in opposition to the other, as shown in Fig. 4.

In operation steam under pressure is admitted to the hollow portion ofshaft H. Thence it passes radially outwardly into the interspace outsideof shaft H, where it expands within the first ring series ofexpansionchamhers Q, attached to disk J. Thence the steam passesoutwardly through the tangential passage-ways S and into contact withthe walls of the expansion-chambers B of disks K, thence outwardlythrough the passage-ways T into the second series of expansion-chambersQ, and so on alternately through the succeedin g series ofoppositely-disposed passage-ways into succeeding expansion chambersuntil finally the steam passes outwardly from the peripheral tangentialpassageways from the outward and last ring series of expansionchambersand outwardly through the exhaustholes L and M, Figs. 1, 2, and 3. Inthe outward passage of the steam by virtue of the Velocity acquired byits successive expansions from one expansion-chamher to another thedisks J are caused to revolve in one direction and the disks K in theopposite direction, as indicated by the arrows in Figs. 3, 5, and 8.

The ring form, as indicated by the segment V in Fig. 6, of the outerwalls of the expansion-chambers is adapted to revolve in circulargrooves, as indicated at TV, Figs. 6 and 7, and thereby prevent thesteam leaking past the outer ends of the expansion-chambers and alsoprevent undue pressure between the opposing disks J and K.

It will be noticed that steam is admitted. from the hollow shaft Hthrough holes I only between the two outer disks J, so that no endpressure is brought to bear against the shaft.

is no communication with the live-steam space, but only with the exhaustat the pe riphery of the disks J. Therefore there is no necessity of apackin g-gland at the outer ends of hollow journals D and E northrust-bearings for shaft H.

I claim as my invention- 1. In a steam-turbine, two disks peripherallyconnected, and each mounted apart upon a hollow journal so as to form aninterspace, one or more disks each having an axial hole thereth rough,and peripherally attached within the interspace to the peripheralconnection of the two first-named disks, a revoluble shaft mountedaxially through the journals of the first-named disks,and through theaxial holes in the second-named disks, disks firmly mounted on the shaftwithin the interspace and disposed between the first'and second nameddisks, passage-ways leading into the interspace between the shaft-disksfrom a source of steam-supply, and means attached to the shaft-disks andto the second-named disks, whereby one set of disks is revolved in anopposite direction to the other by virtue of the action of steam,substantially as stated.

2. In a steam-turbine, two disks peripherally connected, and eachmounted apartnpon a separate hollow journal so as to form an interspace, one or more disks each having an axial hole therethrough, andperipherallyattached within the interspace to the peripheral connectionof the two first-named disks, a revoluhle shaft mounted axially throughthe journals of the first-named disks, and through the axial holes inthe second-named disks, disks firmly mounted on the shaft within-theinterspace, and close to the first-named disks, and at both sides of thesecond-named dis-ks, passage-ways for steam leading into the interspacefrom the hollow shaft only between the shaft-disks, a series of circlesof expansion-chambers having tangential eduction passage-ways leadingoutwardly all in a similar relative direction, and attached to thesecond named disks,and aseries of circles of expansion-chambers havingtangential eduction passage-ways leading outwardly all in a similarrelative direction, but opposite to that of thepassage-wayleading outofthe first-named circles of expansion-chambers, and attached to theshaft-disks, the circles of expansionchambers of one disk disposed torevolve between or in substantially the same plane as the circles ofexpansion-chambers of the opposite disks, and each in an oppositedirection to the other, by virtue of the action of steam, substantiallyas stated.

3. In a steam-turbine, a revolubly-mounted series of separated rings ofsteam expansion-chambers opening against the flow of steam, incombination with another revolubly-mounted series of separated rings ofsteam expansion-chambers opening against the flow of steam and disposedbetween and adjacent to the first-named chambers, a series ofpassage-ways for steam leading out of IIO the first-named chambers at anangle to their posite direction to the passage-ways leading movement,and into the open sides of the secout of the first-named chambers, forthe purond-named chambers, and a series of paspose stated.

sage-ways for steam leading out of the sec- JOHN F. BRADY. ond-namedchambers at an angle to their \Vitnesses:

movement and into the open sides of the MICHAEL H. FLYNN,

first-named chambers, but in arelatively-op- FRANK. S. LEWIS.

